Thermochemistry of electrolyte solutions

An Evaluation of Four Electrolyte Models for the Prediction of Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

In this work, the performance of four electrolyte models for prediction the osmotic and activity coefficients of different aqueous salt solutions at 298 K, atmospheric pressure and in a wide range of concentrations are evaluated. In two of these models, (electrolyte Non-Random Two-Liquid e-NRTL and Mean Spherical Approximation-Non-Random Two-Liquid MSA-NRTL), association between ions of opposit...

Prediction of Surface Tension in Single and Mixed Electrolyte Solutions

A Nonextensive Electrolyte UNIQUAC Model for Prediction of Mean Activity Coefficients of Binary Electrolyte Solutions

In this work, an electrolyte-UNIQUAC model was developed by replacement of Boltzmann weight binary interaction parameters by the nonextensive Tsallis weight. A summation of the long-range electrostatic term (Debye-Huckel equation) and a short-range interaction term were considered in the calculation of thermodynamic properties. A framework proposed by Chen and co-workers was employed for the de...

Interfacial Tension of Electrolyte Solutions

A theory is presented to account for the increase in surface tension of water in the presence of electrolyte. Unlike the original “grandcanonical” calculation of Onsager and Samaras, which relied on the Gibbs adsorption isotherm and lead to a result which could only be expressed as an infinite series, our approach is “canonical” and produces an analytic formula for the excess surface tension. F...

Acidity of frozen electrolyte solutions.

Ice is selectively intolerant to impurities. A preponderance of implanted anions or cations generates electrical imbalances in ice grown from electrolyte solutions. Since the excess charges are ultimately neutralized via interfacial (H(+)/HO(-)) transport, the acidity of the unfrozen portion can change significantly and permanently. This insufficiently recognized phenomenon should critically af...